To understand the film, none.
To understand the jokes, you need to watch or know X-Men Origins: Wolverine and X-Men: Days of Future Past.
Those jokes and all the other references (almost) are listed in this Movies & TV answerthis Movies & TV answer. (It’s full of spoilers.)
Colossus's character did appear in X2, X-Men: The Last Stand and X-Men: Days of Future Past, but none of his past roles have any importance for this film and he is even played by different actor actors.
Note: There are many non X-men film jokes/references too like Green Lantern, Taken (film series) etc etc which you can check from above Movies and TV answer.