###Given the superior and customizable nature of the Kryptonian genetic technology, there is no reason to assume all Kryptonians are not created from a baseline genome thus rendering them, in the physical world at least, relatively equal.
Given the superior and customizable nature of the Kryptonian genetic technology, there is no reason to assume all Kryptonians are not created from a baseline genome thus rendering them, in the physical world at least, relatively equal.
Strong, fast, all capable of excellent response time given their patterning on a biological framework which resembles Human bilateral symmetry and structure with significant genetic enhancements.
Given they all seem to have the same sets of abilities when under a yellow sun, it is a safe assumption, what makes them different is a psychological conditioning, not a physical one.
If there is a difference between the soldier caste and the intellectual/scientific one, it is possible to be a variety of things which may make them different. It could be further genetic modifications after the baseline set.
The idea is there may be specifically altered physical aspects of their perfect genomes which may give Jor-El superior thinking capacities of a limited nature; perhaps he has greater corpus callosum density or more numerous dendrites on his brain cells making it possible for him to learn things faster or more expansively than the average Kryptonian.
Whereas Zod may have been engineered with different physiological or psychological enhancements or tolerances which make him a better warrior such as greater awareness of the battlefield, a natural eye for strategic interactions, a resistance to shock and injury, a boundless enthusiasm for bloodshed and war, all benefits for a natural soldier.
It could also be more advanced training, psychological or somatic conditioning which lends expertise of a limited nature, i.e. tactics, strategy, warfare fundamentals, military technologies, planetary conquest vs scientific reasoning, Kryptonian scientific principles, alien technology or exo-biology.
Without a clear reasoning as to HOW such information is imprinted on Kryptonians, it could be as complex as Jor-El thinking faster than Zod in that moment or Zod thinking that Jor-El would have no tactical capacity since Zod was a soldier and thus simply underestimating his opponent.
This much is certain: it is difficult to know what a person will do when confronted with the knowledge and reality of their impending death. Mothers lift cars off their children, men defend their families from bears with nothing more than a stick. Desperate people protecting what they hold dear can be amazing.
Jor-El knew, without a doubt, Krypton was doomed. Zod had no such knowledge. For him, his behavior was business as usual and there would be a tomorrow for him to rule Krypton under.
This may have allowed Jor-El to exceed the expectations of his psycho-social programming and dare to confront an enemy who didn't expect him to even resist. The cornered and desperate prey is often the most dangerous. Jor-El had nothing left to lose.