Using only Ender's Game as reference.

Oh yeah, also ... GIGANTIC SPOILERS HERE

Sadly, I do not have a copy of the book to hand, but it is made clear that the transport ships that brought the fighters survive. Ender notes after [spoiler] explodes that those ships are still floating "at the very periphery of the simulator". He even makes a point of saying that the viewpoint of the battle space changes, because all the nearby ships got blown away.

Update: Finally found the quote...

Within three seconds the entire planet burst apart, becoming a sphere of bright dust, hurtling outward. Ender's fighters were among the first to go: their perspective suddenly vanished, and now the simulator could only display the perspective of the starships waiting beyond the edges of the battle. It was as close as Ender wanted to be. The sphere of the exploding planet grew outward faster than the enemy ships could avoid it. And it carried with it the Little Doctor, not so little anymore, the field taking apart every ship in its path, erupting each one into a dot of light before it went on.

 

Only at the very periphery of the simulator did the M.D. field weaken. Two or three enemy ships were drifting away. Ender's own starships did not explode. But where the vast enemy fleet had been, and the planet they protected, there was nothing meaningful.

But ... TL;DR -- Yep. Transports survive

Using only Ender's Game as reference.

Oh yeah, also ... GIGANTIC SPOILERS HERE

Sadly, I do not have a copy of the book to hand, but it is made clear that the transport ships that brought the fighters survive. Ender notes after [spoiler] explodes that those ships are still floating "at the very periphery of the simulator". He even makes a point of saying that the viewpoint of the battle space changes, because all the nearby ships got blown away.

Update: Finally found the quote...

Within three seconds the entire planet burst apart, becoming a sphere of bright dust, hurtling outward. Ender's fighters were among the first to go: their perspective suddenly vanished, and now the simulator could only display the perspective of the starships waiting beyond the edges of the battle. It was as close as Ender wanted to be. The sphere of the exploding planet grew outward faster than the enemy ships could avoid it. And it carried with it the Little Doctor, not so little anymore, the field taking apart every ship in its path, erupting each one into a dot of light before it went on.

Only at the very periphery of the simulator did the M.D. field weaken. Two or three enemy ships were drifting away. Ender's own starships did not explode. But where the vast enemy fleet had been, and the planet they protected, there was nothing meaningful.

But ... TL;DR -- Yep. Transports survive

Using only Ender's Game as reference.

Sadly, I do not have a copy of the book to hand, but it is made clear that the transport ships that brought the fighters survive. Ender notes after [spoiler] explodes that those ships are still floating "at the very edge of the simulator screen". He even makes a point of saying that the viewpoint of the battle space changes, because all the nearby ships got blown away.

But ... TL;DR -- Yep. Transports survive

Using only Ender's Game as reference.

Oh yeah, also ... GIGANTIC SPOILERS HERE

Sadly, I do not have a copy of the book to hand, but it is made clear that the transport ships that brought the fighters survive. Ender notes after [spoiler] explodes that those ships are still floating "at the very periphery of the simulator". He even makes a point of saying that the viewpoint of the battle space changes, because all the nearby ships got blown away.

Update: Finally found the quote...

Within three seconds the entire planet burst apart, becoming a sphere of bright dust, hurtling outward. Ender's fighters were among the first to go: their perspective suddenly vanished, and now the simulator could only display the perspective of the starships waiting beyond the edges of the battle. It was as close as Ender wanted to be. The sphere of the exploding planet grew outward faster than the enemy ships could avoid it. And it carried with it the Little Doctor, not so little anymore, the field taking apart every ship in its path, erupting each one into a dot of light before it went on.

Only at the very periphery of the simulator did the M.D. field weaken. Two or three enemy ships were drifting away. Ender's own starships did not explode. But where the vast enemy fleet had been, and the planet they protected, there was nothing meaningful.

But ... TL;DR -- Yep. Transports survive