Singularity 7 (2004) by Ben Templesmith?
From Wikipedia:
The comic tells the story of how Earth was forever changed after alien nanites arrived in a meteor shower. The nanites, able to shift the molecular structure of any material, bond with the mind of Bobby Hennigan who initially uses the nanites power to improve life on Earth by building complex machines and curing disease. Unfortunately, Bobby goes crazy, becoming a God-like monster called ‘The Singularity’, destroying everything and forcing humanity to live deep beneath the surface of the Earth.
This new world is post-apocalyptic, filled with monsters, poisonous gases, and the nanites, which are now used to devour human flesh. The only things able to go to the surface are the "Gosiodo" - part man / part machine creatures connected to the hive mind of the Singularity and sent out to hunt down the remaining humans, and "Specials" - rare humans who, when exposed to the nanites are mysteriously not killed and instead bond with the nanites, giving them access to strange powers and the ability to survive on the surface.
The following page matches your recollection of a black/white/red palette:
Found with the Google query comic nanites xenomorph earth
which returned the Wikipedia page. Sometimes a spelling mistake helps; the query comic nanites xenoform earth
, which I would have used if not for years of occupational hazard of knowing about Xenomorphs, does not return the comic, save for this very question.