Captain Decker showing Ilia the ships named "Enterprise" in Star Trek: The Motion Picture:

And from Enterprise history on Memory Alpha, I believe these are the first 3 depicted in that screenshot. I'm not sure what the last 2 are:

• The HMS Enterprize was a noted sailing ship of the British Royal Navy. A galleon, she was active sometime between the 16th century and the early 18th century.
• The USS Enterprise (CV-6) was an aircraft carrier that served in World War II. (ENT: "Storm Front") Its successor was the USS Enterprise (CVN-65), which was the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier.
• The first space shuttle was the Enterprise OV-101. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)

There is one more listed on that page that I don't think is in the screenshot. Although I may have it mixed up with one of the above:

• The Enterprise was a noted sailing frigate, either of the Royal Navy or of the US Navy. She was active in the late 18th century. (ENT: "United")

Captain Decker showing Ilia the ships named "Enterprise" in Star Trek: The Motion Picture:

And from Enterprise history on Memory Alpha:

• First image: The Enterprise was a noted sailing frigate, either of the Royal Navy or of the US Navy. She was active in the late 18th century. (ENT: "United")
• Second image: The USS Enterprise (CV-6) was an aircraft carrier that served in World War II. (ENT: "Storm Front") Its successor was the USS Enterprise (CVN-65), which was the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier.
• Third image: The first space shuttle was the Enterprise OV-101. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)
• Note: Also featured in the opening of Star Trek: Enterprise
• Fourth image: An early Warp starship was the USS Enterprise (XCV 330). (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)
• Notable for not having the traditional nacelles+saucer design of usual Starfleet ships.
• Fifth image: The original NCC-1701 from The Original Series. (At least according to Memory Alpha. I don't recognize it from the above screenshot.. Odd shadows.)

Not in the above, but featured in the opening sequence of Star Trek: Enterprise:

• The HMS Enterprize was a noted sailing ship of the British Royal Navy. A galleon, she was active sometime between the 16th century and the early 18th century.

Additionally, I'm fairly certain Captain Archer had a similar scene as the above, where he explains the history of the name "Enterprise" to Commander Shran. I don't recall which episode, though..