Memory Beta covers further mentions in EU/non-canon, including many details:
ENT novel: Last Full Measure;
ST novel: Articles of the Federation
DS9 - Worlds of DS9 novel: Bajor: Fragments and Omens
Last Unicorn RPG module: The Andorians: Among the Clans
ENT novel: Last Full Measure
TOS novel: The Galactic Whirlpool
TOS novel: The Entropy Effect
The Articles required all trial records be kept and preserved.
TOS novel: Prime Directive
A person can only be held on contempt-of-court charges for a maximum of three months during peacetime.
TNG novel: Losing the Peace
Treatment of refugees by member worlds, according individuals with the rights of due process.
Article 109, section 47 also related to the treatment of refugees, barring the use of fences or other enclosures around refugee settlements.
Star Fleet Technical Manual
Amendments are mentioned in:
- FASA RPG module: The Federation
- FASA RPG - The Orions module: Book of Common Knowledge
- TNG novel: A Time to Kill [ Eminiar Amendment ]
Precursor drafts:
- TOS novel: The Prometheus Design