This can't really be answered definitively for a given reader date unless a particular comic pins down her age, but there was an article written about this very question, "The Pryde Scale or Fun With Aging in the Marvel Universe" by Edward WinterRose (first published to The Bendis Board in 2008, then republished in 2015 at Observation Deck, which was hosted by io9 at the time).
The formula for which it argues is 1 comic year for every 3.5 real-world years.
As noted there, it's a fair deduction that she was intended to be at least about 18 when she had a sexual relationship with significantly older Pete Wisdom in 1996. Moreover,
The character of Kitty Pryde was introduced in 1980, and was described at the time as being 13 and a half. She was also described as being 14 in 1983 when The New Mutants got their own ongoing title. So far this is all stuff you already know. I WILL get to the point.
My own take on it was that if Kitty Pryde was 21 years old at the time of her alleged termination (Yeah, we'll see how long THAT lasts.), then she's taken 28 reader years to age 8 character years. Breaking that down, (and ignoring the fact that there's been a Christmas issue every year in Marvel Comics since 1980), that would mean she's aged one character year for every 3.5 reader years. As well, everyone who was IN the X-Books since then should have aged at least 8 years since Kitty Pryde was introduced in 1980. I'm calling it 'The Pryde Scale' for easy future reference.
...
Pryde Age / Reader Year
13 / 1980
14 / 1983 & 1/2
15 / 1987
16 / 1990 & 1/2 (Legal Adult, UK)
17 / 1994
18 / 1997 & 1/2 (Legal Adult, US)
19 / 2001
20 / 2004 & 1/2
21 / 2008 (Status: Unknown. Presumed Dead)
Or if you want it broken down by reader year, plugging the formula 13+(CurrentDate-1980)/3.5 into a spreadsheet gives us:
1980 13
1981 13.28571429
1982 13.57142857
1983 13.85714286
1984 14.14285714
1985 14.42857143
1986 14.71428571
1987 15
1988 15.28571429
1989 15.57142857
1990 15.85714286
1991 16.14285714
1992 16.42857143
1993 16.71428571
1994 17
1995 17.28571429
1996 17.57142857
1997 17.85714286
1998 18.14285714
1999 18.42857143
2000 18.71428571
2001 19
2002 19.28571429
2003 19.57142857
2004 19.85714286
2005 20.14285714
2006 20.42857143
2007 20.71428571
2008 21
2009 21.28571429
2010 21.57142857
2011 21.85714286
2012 22.14285714
2013 22.42857143
2014 22.71428571
2015 23
2016 23.28571429
2017 23.57142857
2018 23.85714286
2019 24.14285714
2020 24.42857143
2021 24.71428571
2022 25
2023 25.28571429
2024 25.57142857
2025 25.85714286
2026 26.14285714
2027 26.42857143
2028 26.71428571
2029 27
2030 27.28571429
However, while I don't know what her precise in-story birthday is, her Uncanny X-Men #129 first appearance was in January 1980, so if she was thirteen and a half at the time, perhaps the formula should be 13.5+(CurrentDate-1980)/3.5, in which case for the January of each reader year, the table should be:
1980 13.5
1981 13.78571429
1982 14.07142857
1983 14.35714286
1984 14.64285714
1985 14.92857143
1986 15.21428571
1987 15.5
1988 15.78571429
1989 16.07142857
1990 16.35714286
1991 16.64285714
1992 16.92857143
1993 17.21428571
1994 17.5
1995 17.78571429
1996 18.07142857
1997 18.35714286
1998 18.64285714
1999 18.92857143
2000 19.21428571
2001 19.5
2002 19.78571429
2003 20.07142857
2004 20.35714286
2005 20.64285714
2006 20.92857143
2007 21.21428571
2008 21.5
2009 21.78571429
2010 22.07142857
2011 22.35714286
2012 22.64285714
2013 22.92857143
2014 23.21428571
2015 23.5
2016 23.78571429
2017 24.07142857
2018 24.35714286
2019 24.64285714
2020 24.92857143
2021 25.21428571
2022 25.5
2023 25.78571429
2024 26.07142857
2025 26.35714286
2026 26.64285714
2027 26.92857143
2028 27.21428571
2029 27.5
2030 27.78571429