A number of strong suggestions for this difference were provided in this wiki:
https://superman.fandom.com/wiki/Clark_Kent
It should be noted that this page uses a picture form the early 2000s series Superman: Secret Origin which has a less cartoonish or exaggerated, more "realistic" art style, putting everything from facial features and body proportions to technology and action into a more realistic scale. It should be noted that in this more subdued art style, Superman bears a striking resemblance to Christopher Reeves portrayal of the character, seen here:


Even taken the variances of art style into account, the comic does a pretty good job of distinguishing between the look of "Clark" versus "Superman", as seen here:

While the two men obviously share similarities, [whether intentionally or not] they are also shown with subtle differences which would make them distinguishable from each other. The backgrounds also show the subtlety in "context" as an affect of "how" people can "perceive" someone; Clark, though in the foreground, is somewhat subdued in his stance and color, overshadowed by the more kinetic energy of the Daily Planet and the people that make up his life there. Concurrently, Superman seems to be bold and commanding of the eye, at the very center of the alien grandeur of his parents and Fortress of solitude. In this way, the art choices themselves seem to highlight the differences in perspective, showing how humans "see" these men as completely different experiences. Which, despite the obvious similarities [height, race, hair color, etc] seem to set them apart from each other.
The wiki does a good job of elaborating on the more practical elements of this identity separation. I'll quote some of the central parts to it here:
First written in the earliest Superman comics, Clark Kent's primary purpose was to fulfill the perceived dramatic requirement that a costumed superhero cannot stay on-duty twenty-four hours a day, or throughout the entirety of a comic book series. As such, Kent acted as little more than a front for Superman's activities. Although his name and history were taken from his early life with his adoptive Earth parents, everything about Kent was staged for the benefit of his alternate identity he acquired a job as a reporter for the Daily Planet for the convenience of receiving late-breaking news before the general public, providing an excuse for being present at crime scenes and having an occupation where his whereabouts do not have to be strictly accounted for as long as he makes his story deadlines. However, in order to draw attention away from the correlation between Kent and Superman, Clark Kent adopted a largely passive and introverted personality, applying conservative mannerisms, a higher-pitched voice, and a slight slouch. This personality is typically described as "mild-mannered," perhaps most famously by the opening narration of Max Fleischer's Superman animated theatrical shorts. These traits extended into Kent's wardrobe, which typically consists of a softly-colored business suit, a red necktie, black-rimmed glasses, combed-back hair and, occasionally, a fedora.
The idea of "staging" is a fundamental aspect of this trope and the superman mythos, indicating that its not merely "the look" that throws people off, but that Clark/Superman "puts on a show of a completely different character" to distinguish the two persona from each other. In later versions, this idea was reversed; having been "born" on earth, Clark Kent was superman's base identity, with the costume serving to be a means by which he can use his powers and do the good he [clark] wants to do, but while not giving up his human life or endangering the people he loves.
In the wake of John Byrne's The Man of Steel reboot of Superman continuity, many traditional aspects of Clark Kent were dropped in favor of giving him a more aggressive and extroverted personality, including such aspects as making Kent a top football player in high school, along with being a successful author. Recently, some aspects of this change have been dropped, in favor of bringing back elements of the earlier, "mild-mannered" version of Kent. Feeling that Clark is the real person and that Clark is not afraid to be himself in his civilian identity, John Byrne has stated in interviews that he took inspiration for this portrayal from the George Reeves version of Superman.
Speaking specifically to the "resemblance" between the two, a few reasonable explanations have been provided beyond Clark merely changing his look and acting differently. These are:
- Superman's higher recognizability compared to Clark's
- Subtle photo trickery
- The fact that superman doesn't wear a mask, so its assumed he has no secret identity.
This too is elaborated on, empahsis mine...
Various reasons over the decades have been offered for why people haven't suspected Superman and Clark Kent of being one and the same. The most common offered is simply that, despite their physical resemblance, Superman and Clark are perceived as too different in mannerisms and personality to be the same individual. ...Another reason given in the late 1980s was the public simply does not know that Superman has a secret identity, considering he does not wear a mask, which implies to most that he has nothing to hide. As an added precaution, Superman would vibrate his face (like Jay Garrick, the Golden-Age Flash), slightly so that photographs would only show his features as a blur, thus preventing the danger of photographs of both identities being reliably compared...The 2004 series Superman: Birthright also explained that Superman's eyes are an unnaturally vivid shade of blue. Clark's glasses diffuse the color and make his eyes appear more human in that identity. A new element that has shown up recently is the fact that most people only know of Clark as a name in a byline, and only see Superman from a distance, if they see him at all. As most people don't spend a lot of time with both Clark Kent and Superman the similar appearance doesn't come up.