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With reference to Why did the Empire discontinue the clone trooper program?
Same question but strictly no Legends. I want to know the reason within the Disney canon's context, as a lot of things with respect to the clones are different.
Edit: I guess I should have made it clear. I know perfectly well existing clones age quickly. But why did they replace clones with birth born instead of new clones? Why is the clone trooper program discontinued?
Out-of-universe, Pablo Hidalgo explained that the production of clones was phased out at the end of the Clone Wars, and since the clones age at twice the rate of normal humans they are too old to serve as stormtroopers. They have been replaced with non-clone volunteers who are "fervently patriotic and loyal to the Empire". Video proof can be found on Youtube (starting at about 2:56 into the video).
In-universe, the canon novel Tarkin supports Hidalgo's claim that the clones are too old in this incident in which stormtroopers are loading Darth Vader's meditation chamber onto Tarkin's ship:
When the stormtrooper operating the equipment accidentally allowed the flattened sphere to bang against the edge of the cargo hold’s retracted hatch, Vader stamped forward with his gloved hands clenched.
“I warned you to be careful!” he shouted up at the trooper.
“My apologies, Lord Vader. Wind shear from—”
“Excuses won’t suffice, Sergeant Crest,” Vader cut him off. “Perhaps you are aging too quickly to remain on active duty.”
Tarkin couldn’t make sense of the remark until he realized that Crest’s was a face he had seen countless times during the war—the face of an original Kamino clone trooper. The bare-headed others comprising Vader’s squad were human regulars who had enlisted after the war.
Tarkin, p. 94
Tarkin occurs 5 years after the end of the Clone Wars so the clones evidently aged too quickly to be useful within just a few years after the Empire was created.
I am not aware of a canon source (either in or out of universe) which explicitly explains why the production of clones was phased out. Presumably, it's because the end of the Clone Wars meant war production -- including the expensive production of clones -- was no longer needed. Palpatine could not justify such war spending to a war-weary populace. The existing clones could serve as the Empire's military, at least until they became too old (which didn't take long, as Tarkin indicates). Thereafter, the Empire could recruit from volunteers with the additional benefit that they would be "fervently patriotic and loyal to the Empire" in contrast to the clones who were conscripted and thus not necessarily as enthusiastic about the Empire (in fact, some clones protested their conscription during the Clone Wars).
Wookieepedia says this (emphasis mine):
As stormtroopers, clones obeyed the new Emperor's will, enforced his laws, and destroyed the enemies of the Empire during the early years of the dark times. In time, however, the clones' fighting skills deteriorated as a result of their accelerated aging process. Ultimately, clones were gradually replaced by birth-born Human recruits who, like their predecessors, were trained for absolute loyalty and obedience. Four years before the Battle of Yavin, all clones had been decommissioned from the Imperial Army. Nonetheless, a few clones remained in Imperial service acting as training instructors for the next generation of stormtroopers.
The Wookieepedia article sites these Disney canon sources:
Edit:
To answer your question about why clone production ceased, no Disney canon material that I know of answers this definitively. We are left to either assume that the Legends answer is true but not confirmed or speculate that the Kaminoans refused to continue clone production after the fall of the Republic.
If we are going with Legends, they were ended because of the Battle of Kamino, where clones attempted an uprising on the planet, but were quickly finished by Darth Vader, and his men.
In terms of Disney canon, due to the costs of continuing maintaining search an army, they were also fazed out in favor of humans; additionally, clones did age quickly, something that is exemplified by the *Star Wars Rebels * when we see Captain Rex, and his two Clone buddies.
To put it simply, clones were just a short term solution, to a short term problem. They were intended, per Star Wars The Clones Wars, among other sources to be able to be the most powerful army due to them inheriting the skills of Jango Fett, the best bounty hunter in the galaxy; nevertheless, as time went on, they evidently began to be ineffective, and human recruits were added in.
In one of the new canon books, Servants of the Empire, I believe, two reasons are given. The first is that the clones have a weakness towards biological warfare due to the fact that they have the same genes. Another reason, though, is that the Emperor thought them to be inferior beings.
I do not know why the First Order and/or the New Republic chose not to use clones in their armies, but I have a theory as to why Disney and the creative team did.
In reality, when it comes to any decision that Disney makes with respect to its film universes, be it animated, Marvel, or Star Wars, the simple answer is: money. Disney realized that it could catch more flies with honey than with vinegar (not that you should try to catch flies with vinegar).
Kennedy, Abrams, Kasdan et. al. wanted to wash the bad taste of the prequels out of our mouths and have us remember the good feelings we had for the original trilogy. For that reason many things established in the prequels are simply ignored, removed or never mentioned - and we thank them for that (midichlorians, anyone?). And they went to the expanded universe for "inspiration" only. This approach kills two birds with one stone - it appeases the die-hard fans of the Prequels, an lures the disgruntled fans back to a galaxy far, far away. Maintaining and expanding the fan base is crucial to their financial success. I believe this is a key reason behind all the story decisions that were made in The Force Awakens.
In the star wars universe (Films Only), the new storm troopers are not only recruits, but it is also implied that they are better than clones. The clones from the original trilogy have a (unwarranted) reputation for being incompetent (OK, there was that incident where they lost the battle of Endor to some teddy bears...). Establishing the new storm troopers as "not-clones" they instantly become more of of a threat within the star wars universe - its no longer easy to defeat them. This improves the tone of the film. Every "disposal" trooper is now a valid adversary to the heroes.
