No
It is true that the reason Voldemort's spell rebounded was because the Elder Wand would not harm Harry:
“So it all comes down to this, doesn’t it?” whispered Harry. “Does the
wand in your hand know its last master was Disarmed? Because if it
does . . . I am the true master of the Elder Wand.”
A red-gold glow burst suddenly across the enchanted sky above them as
an edge of dazzling sun appeared over the sill of the nearest window.
The light hit both of their faces at the same time, so that
Voldemort’s was suddenly a flaming blur. Harry heard the high voice
shriek as he too yelled his best hope to the heavens, pointing Draco’s
wand:
“Avada Kedavra!”
“Expelliarmus!”
The bang was like a cannon blast, and the golden flames that erupted
between them, at the dead center of the circle they had been treading,
marked the point where the spells collided. Harry saw Voldemort’s
green jet meet his own spell, saw the Elder Wand fly high, dark
against the sunrise, spinning across the enchanted ceiling like the
head of Nagini, spinning through the air toward the master it would
not kill, who had come to take full possession of it at last.
—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
However, Harry had an additional layer of protection: that gained from the presence of Lily Potter's enchantment in Voldemort's blood:
“Precisely!” said Dumbledore. “He took your blood and rebuilt his
living body with it! Your blood in his veins, Harry, Lily’s protection
inside both of you! He tethered you to life while he lives!”
—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
"He took into his body a tiny part of the enchantment your mother laid
upon you when she died for you. His body keeps her sacrifice alive,
and while that enchantment survives, so do you and so does Voldemort’s
one last hope for himself."
—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
There isn't any reason to think, based on what Dumbledore told Harry, that this protection no longer exists. Lily's protection, in Harry's blood, still flows through Voldemort's body. Notably, Dumbledore is speaking in the present tense, even after Harry has already confronted Voldemort and been "killed."
As such, Voldemort could not have killed Harry, even were he not the master of the Elder Wand. Of course, he could still easily have beaten Harry in a duel, but Harry certainly had a big advantage.
Beside, Dumbledore understood that Harry's capacity to love gave him a great advantage in the fight against Voldemort, despite Voldemort's apparent greater skill.
"It will take uncommon skill and power to kill a wizard like Voldemort
even without his Horcruxes."
"But I haven't got uncommon skill and power," said Harry, before he
could stop himself.
"Yes, you have," said Dumbledore firmly. "You have a power that
Voldemort has never had. You can —"
—Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
In fact, it did this rather concretely: through his sacrifice, Harry protected his allies from Voldemort's spells. Voldemort would have been hard-pressed to defeat the defenders of Hogwarts if he couldn't even kill them!
“—I meant to, and that’s what it did. I’ve done what my mother did.
They’re protected from you. Haven’t you noticed how none of the spells
you put on them are binding? You can’t torture them. You can’t touch
them. You don’t learn from your mistakes, Riddle, do you?”
—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
