It would seem that any origin plot, if any, can only be derived from cross-referencing the various games.
As Valorum already said, the original NES/Famicom Super Mario Bros. game didn't provide many details - we just know that Mario set out to save the Mushroom Kingdom and Princess ---Toadstool--- Peach, but we don't really know were he came from.
This plot point - Mario's origin - wasn't touched upon in the main games for a while, so for the time being the only possible answers were to be drawn from the related material such as the comics, the animated shows, Choose Your Own Adventure game books, and so on.
Most of this related material seems to indicate that the Mushroom Kingdom is intended to be a different dimension and Mario arrived there using a warp pipe (see above comments about the animated show. It not only specifies that Mario and Luigi found an entrance to the Mushroom Kingdom while performing some plumbing job, but it also shows Bowser trying to use the pipes to launch an attack on the human world multiple times).
This is somewhat consistent with the games in a way: even before the Super Mario Bros. game, Mario appeared in another game, called just Mario Bros. (even before he appeared in other games as well, Donkey Kong being just one example, albeit the character wasn't always called Mario in those). In that game, Mario is "fighting enemies he came across while performing his job as a plumber" (will try to find an actual transcript/screenshot of the original manual), so while there is no official in-game reference that I know of, it seems plausible that in the original NES-era Mario was indeed intended to be an Italian plumber (possibly living in America) who came to the Mushroom Kingdom using a warp pipe he found "sometime, somewhere".
This is somewhat confirmed by some old Miyamoto claims/interview where he says he had Mario live in New York and that he gave him an Italian origin because of his mustache.
Then the SNES came out, and we got Yoshi's Island. In this game, we control Yoshi, who is trying to bring a baby version Mario (and baby Luigi, who was kidnapped by Kamek) back to his parents-to-be, after a stork "lost" them due to being attacked by Kamek. This seems to indicate that "baby" Mario was born in the Mushroom Kingdom - the game ending even shows him being delivered to a house... and while I may be mistaken, that doesn't exactly look like Italy.

(Notice: on the left, the original storyboard for the SNES game ending. On the right, the same clip, taken from the DS remake "Yoshi's New Island" instead.)
Later still, the plot only gets cloudier. Games like "Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time" seem to confirm that the "baby Mario" timeline is the same as the adult Mario one, but even later games throw in another curve ball, as we discover that the world seen in the Paper Mario series is not just a different art style for the same world, but actually another dimension altogether (Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam).
I would assume that, right now, the only real clue as to the original intent seems to derive from the first games (and was actually somehow reused in a very unlucky movie...), as I fear that no more thought has ever been put into this. After all, they only relinked the Zelda franchise years after the original games were made, so I fear that hoping for an official source on Mario's origin within a game may be a lost cause.