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Many Imperial Guard regiments hail from planets that lack just gunpowder.
What I want to know is how do they react when they get sent away from their homeworld to anywhere in the galaxy. I would imagine that boarding the transport ships alone is a complete culture shock to the guys armed with just arrows and stone clubs, let alone going to a culture with more advanced weaponry?
Those are the two key factors that keep the armies at bay. You know that you are fighting for the God Emperor, who is your saviour and the only power holding the Galaxy together and against you there are forces that want to undo his glorious work. And if you have any doubts, your nearest friendly Comissar will gladly reeducate you.
Now about "how would the 'savages' act on more advanced world": armies are meant to be used in the battlefields, not to mingle with civilians - they won't be hanging around shopping malls gawking at the pretty lights. Lo-tech recruits would be given a lasrifle, told which end should they point at the enemy and where to press (they don't need to know how does it work!) and sent towards whoever they have to kill! They will be fighting against tanks and planes, which they will treat as big monsters - but they already come from planet that quite probably have some powerful beasts. And the fact that your allies have "tamed similar monsters" (aka YOUR tanks and planes) - well, that is just the power and glory of the Emperor!
Its also worth pointing that Imperial Guard also uses some low-tech weapons like swords and horses. Although horses might be cyborgised and swords containing chainsaw.
While I can't recall any story about whole contingent from savage world, there is a good example of Eszrah Ap Niht from "Gaunt's Ghosts" series, who came from a tribe living in the swamps and the most complicated machine that he used to know is crossbow (or "reynbow" as he calls it) - but he is an extremely (even for Ghosts standards) good scout and assassin.
Free will and independent thought are the first things beaten out of a recruit upon joining the Guard. Whether they come from a hive world and are very well acquainted with las weapons and generally understand the concept of warp travel, or they come from a primitive world that hasn't yet discovered gunpowder, they're destined to be thrown into a war they have absolutely no understanding of against enemies they never knew even existed, on some planet on the other side of the galaxy.
They're all confused, all the time, until they're dead.
A hive world thug and a primitive world thug will both perform just as well against a tyranid.
Guardsmen, especially those conscripted during times of crisis, are usually rushed through basic training and used primarily as a meat shield. Their job is to protect artillery or soak up enemy bullets.
The only Guardsmen that matter (none matter) and have at least a vague idea of what to expect are the more famous regiments:
These guys know what they're doing and they know what's coming.
Everyone else is confused and scared and dead.
