Gollum was once a normal hobbit like Frodo and Bilbo- yet after acquiring the Ring he became completely different. Why didn't this happen to Bilbo or Frodo? Yes, they were changed in some way, but it was not such a huge difference as in Gollum. His physical and mental state were drastically changed.
1 Answer
Gollum possessed the ring for nearly 500 years, from when he recovered it from the river in TA 2463 to when Bilbo stole it from him in TA 2941. During that time period he often wore and doted over the ring. In contrast, Frodo only carried the ring for less than a year, from April of TA 3018 to March of TA 3019, and specifically avoided putting it on during that time, having been warned of the danger. It just didn't have time to affect him to the same degree, though it should be noted it still managed to corrupt him to the point where he was unwilling to give it up.
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Nice answer, but some quotes from the books would make it even better ;-)– Hans OloCommented Jan 16, 2019 at 19:40
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1@Loki Unfortunately I don't have good access to the books at the moment, so I'm having to rely on wiki entries rather than direct quotes. If anyone can find relevant passages I'd welcome any edits. Commented Jan 16, 2019 at 20:04
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Frodo had the Ring for nearly 20 years (3001-3019) in the book; the movies greatly contracted the period between Bilbo's Farewell Party and Frodo finally leaving the Shire.– chepnerCommented Jan 23, 2019 at 17:48
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@chepner That's why I noted that he "carried" the ring for only that time. While he owned the ring for the twenty years prior, he kept it hidden away and didn't carry it, use it, or dote over it in the same way that Gollum and Bilbo did. Commented Jan 23, 2019 at 17:52