I was from a wikipedia article. Humans discover a primitive race of aliens that are very small, whose sense of time is much more accelerated. Communication with the aliens can take hours for humans, but lifetimes for the aliens. The aliens see the humans as gods.
As the alien goes on with their progression in history, they reach a point where their technology is more advanced than humans.
I think the story is based on snapshot POV's of historical figures in the alien's history.