In Avengers: Endgame, in one of the final scenes, Captain Marvel overpowers Thanos in a hand-to-hand combat. Thanos had to pull the Power Stone out of the Gauntlet, and then punch her with the raw power of the Stone.
According to Marvel, in the MCU, Captain Marvel is the most powerful hero. Captain Marvel was the only hero who could overpower Thanos in hand-to-hand combat.
Scarlet Witch could overwhelm Thanos but with her psionic energy and Thanos forced to call an air strike from his ship to save himself. Thor and Captain America couldn't subdue him even with Stormbreaker and Mjolnir. You can watch the related scenes here.
Here is a relevant excerpt about the Power Stone:
When facing Iron Man, Thanos was able to concentrate the Stone's energy into beams powerful enough to heavily damage the Avenger's armor with a single blast. Thanos was also able to project a force field of energy that was powerful enough to block Iron Man's repulsors at full charge. A blast from the Power Stone could even knock out a being as powerful as Captain Marvel, while a sustained blast could presumably kill any being in the universe, including Ronan the Accuser.
Did Thanos use (or have to use) the full power of the Power Stone to punch Captain Marvel in Avengers: Endgame?
I know there were cases in the past where he didn't use the full power (or more damaging power) of the Stones. For example, it is explained with an element of surprise where he couldn't stop Stormbreaker with the Stones.
In this case, he is desperate and he needs to stop the Avengers no matter what. It seems like he used the full power of the Power Stone on Captain Marvel. (It is portrayed like an enhanced punch also as he collects the power of the Stone in his fist). If yes, can we say that she could withstand the full power of the Power Stone without dying?
In the Power Stone article, it says that a sustained blast presumably kill any being. Does it mean that the power of the Stone needs to be channeled for a longer time period on powerful beings to kill them?
If there are more details in the comics, you can give an additional answer from the comics as well.