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According to the answers to the question here, the Ministry of Magic covers the cost of all magical education. In addition, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows mentioned that Squibs were sent to Muggle schools so that they could integrate with the people like "them". As Ron's great-aunt Auntie Muriel puts it:

Squibs were usually shipped off to Muggle schools and encouraged to integrate into the Muggle community… much kinder than trying to find them a place in the Wizarding world, where they must always be second class, but naturally Kendra Dumbledore wouldn’t have dreamed of letting her daughter go to a Muggle school ...

Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows, Chapter 8 ("The Wedding")

So it can be concluded that Squibs had two choices for education: study in Muggle schools, or get home schooling (as was the case of Ariana Dumbledore).

Then who takes care of the expenses for the Squibs studying at private/public Muggle schools? Does the MoM play a role in funding a Squib's education?

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Harry Potter is set in the United Kingdom. As such "Public" and "Private" schools are the same thing (for reasons of etymology going back to them being available to any member of the Public who could afford to pay, rather than only accepting people from a certain location or whose parents were part of a specific guild), although there has been effort to rebrand both of these as "Independent Schools". What Americans would call "Public Schools" are instead "State Schools".

Independent schools make up a mere 7% of UK schools, as opposed to the USA where over 25% of schools are fee-paying.

Education at State Schools in the UK paid for by the Government (although, State Boarding Schools may charge a fee for boarding, currently anywhere up to £12,000 per year. That this cost is also covered is the only "unusual" aspect of Hogwarts' pricing). As such, there are 4 options for Squibs' education:

  1. Attend a State School, (no cost, unless boarding)
  2. Public school, with Scholarship or Bursary
  3. Public school, No Scholarship
  4. Home Schooled

From a purely statistical standpoint, the first option is most likely, in which case the British Government (Department for Education, current name of the former Ministry of Education) would pay. If the family is well-off, such as the Malfoys, they have the option to pay for a Public School education. Engaging in pure speculation, it is possible that there may be endowments and scholarship funds set up to pay for Squib Education by sympathetic members of Magical society, although no evidence either way appears in the books.

It should also be noted that Arianna Dumbledore was born in 1885, and the UK only made education compulsory for children (until age 10) in 1880, raised it to 11 in 1893 (Arianna was 8), and to 13 in 1899 (the year she died, aged 14). During these early years, it is understandable that a family with minor wealth might not trust the newly created State Schools, and opt for Private or Home Schooling instead.

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    However, why would the British government pay for a person's education who doesn't actually exist. No wizard is registered at the muggle government. The first point doesn't add up.
    – Shreedhar
    Commented Jul 29, 2020 at 11:37
  • Ariana was just an example. And I don't think Muggle laws (education laws etc.) apply to the wizards. We are not even sure if the muggle laws are applicable to squibs (that's a question closely related to my OP).
    – Shreedhar
    Commented Jul 29, 2020 at 11:39
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    @Shreedhar As we see in "Chapter One: The Other Minister" of "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince", the Ministry of Magic (while acting in many ways as a Devolved Government, like the Scottish Parliament, et cetera) is answerable to the UK Government; any citizen of the British Wizarding Community is then, transitively, a citizen of the United Kingdom. I.e., it's the Ministry of Magic, not the Country of Magic. (As opposed to MACUSA, which is separate from the US Government) Some laws will apply, others won't. Commented Jul 29, 2020 at 11:48
  • (Also, in the UK, Free Education for Children is a Right, even for undocumented individuals such as illegal immigrants. So, the British Government already pay for the education of people who don't "officially" exist in the country) Commented Jul 29, 2020 at 11:51
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    @Chronocidal - That was not what the scene indicated at all. It shows that the magical government is a completely parallel government that does not answer to the Prime Minister, that does not share information with them, except on a few occasions and not in much depth, and that even puts spies in the Muggle government (such as Shacklebolt).
    – Adamant
    Commented Jul 29, 2020 at 14:46

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