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In Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith, in the Darth Vader helmet mask we can see some digital symbols & red shade to the lenses.
Why did Darth Vader need extra equipment to clear his vision even his burned on fire but can see from his normal eyes?
Strangely, I require lenses to correct the vision of my aging eyes - without ever having been burned by lava... or even dismembered by a light saber. It just so happens that I can also see without my corrective lenses in a pinch. So, it is possible - by really stretching our imaginations - to conceive of a scenario wherein he would need vision correction for non-plot defined reasons. If you look very closely, you might even find some people walking around in our galaxy who also need corrective lenses.
It's not clear if Vader actually needed the lenses on his helmet to see properly. Given that he had to cover his burned flesh anyway, the helmet lenses offered other benefits, such as viewing different light spectrums, a heads-up display, and making him intimidating. Those alone could be enough to justify covering his eyes.
However, it's perfectly plausible that his eyes were injured by the lava, like the rest of his body.
The one source I could find to say his eyesight was damaged was a Legends continuity book, Darth Vader: A 3-D Reconstruction Log (as cited in another Sci-fi Stack Exchange answer, which provided the image below - thanks, Valorum). According to that, Vader's retinas were damaged beyond repair.
Repairing the patient's damaged retinas proved impossible. But optical filters in the mask block excess light and expand the limits of human vision by detecting infrared and ultraviolet light.
It's not clear how bad the damage was, though. We know he's not completely blind because he can see the helmet display and he can see Luke's face with his own eyes in Return of the Jedi. With those two examples, it's possible he's just short-sighted and the lenses compensate for that, like a very evil pair of glasses.
His eyes are, according to the film's junior novelisation, "burned and weakened". The official novelisation refers to his "scorched-pale eyes".
In both cases it's confirmed that the lenses are there to help him to see properly despite damaged eyes.
“Lord Vader,” Darth Sidious said. “You may rise.”
A deep voice, distorted by the speakers inside the mask, responded. “Yes, my Master.” The helmet turned, as if the burned and weakened eyes within were scanning the room, adjusting to the screens in the helmet that magnified and intensified everything so that they could pretend to see. “Where is Padmé? Is she all right?”
and
And you can’t, not in the way you once did. Sensors in the shell that prisons your head trickle meaning directly into your brain.
You open your scorched-pale eyes; optical sensors integrate light and shadow into a hideous simulacrum of the world around you.
Or perhaps the simulacrum is perfect, and it is the world that is hideous.
Broadly for the same reason he needed a mask, or help breathing. Even on the dark side, the Force isn't "interested in" that kind of detail.
A skilled warrior might use the Force to see more clearly at special need in something vaguely like the same way you or I might use adrenalin to perform normally-impossible feats in emergency, and Vader's vision is an every-day thing, not even special need, let alone emergency.
I postulate that a deliberate inbuilt purpose of the helmet, given that his reconstruction was directed by Palpatine, is to corrupt him. The view he sees through his computer-enhanced lenses is artificial, and therefore detached, darkened and twisted, psychologically speaking. False colors, enhanced spectrums, anxiety-raising callouts directing the viewer's attention to what the helmet's designer determines is important.
At the end of episode VI, he removes his helmet so he can see Luke with his own eyes.
Therefore, he doesn't really need it to see. He needs it to not see.
