Plot Details/Summary
I recall very little of this particular Trek novel. I'm not even sure what the main story arc was. The part I remember is that Riker is sent aboard a Cardassian vessel for some sort of meeting or diplomatic exchange. While there, he gets a glass of water from the dispenser in his cabin. I recall a line about the water tasting bad or metallic - something like that.
Riker becomes ill later in the story, and as per Trek tropes, nobody can figure out what it is or what is causing it. It's eventually discovered that the ship's water supply had some naturally occurring (I think) substance in it that doesn't bother Cardassians, but human physiology reacts badly to it.
I don't recall how Riker is cured or anything else about the novel. I think his illness was a subplot rather than the main focus of the story. But again, cannot be sure.
Publication Details/Timeframe
Best guess is the novel was published sometime in the 1990s. That was when I was really into reading Trek novels. It could be very early 2000s, but I'm doubtful of that. It was definitely one of the mass-produced paperback novels, not a fanfic or other medium.