I would mention that during the 19th century, people spoke of steam (despite it not being very new, perhaps few people had direct contact with it until steam trains, etc. started to expose people) somewhat like AI (in a Dickens novel, steam engines are discussed by one character as something mysterious).
I think in real life early internal combustion engines that used a very fine pollen and also gunpowder engines might have been made or suggested in the 17th century.
I would guess the first non-steam power in history would Verne where MTO (More Than One) form of transportation is powered by electricity although perhaps compressed air (which I think can be used instead of steam in a modified steam engine) would be mentioned in fiction before electricity.