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While reading a Windows 8.1 tips & tricks blog, I came across this conversation in the comment section where they were joking about the possibility of Linux being Batcomputer's choice of OS. Could it be true? A customized OS perhaps? Could the utility belt be running Java? I've searched for an answer which yielded nothing but some vague description of it being a supercomputer and that was it!
I've found one in-universe and one out-of-universe instance of Batman using an actual computer (e.g. as opposed to a Hollywood computer with customised graphic interface)
The 1960s Batman series used a modified Burroughs Corporation B205.
The Batcomputer in that case was running the CTOS/BTOS Operation System.
The panel below shows that the BatComputer uses seven Cray T932 "plug-in units" to provide backup processing power.
In order to interface with his own BatComputer, Batman must be quite proficient in using Cray's own unix-based operating system; UNICOS
Expanding on the answer of @jrg and @Richard, I think we can safely assume that we should consider the question as referring to times beginning from 1980s, since that's when UNIX systems actually appeared on the mainstream user/corporate market. Obviously neither *n*x OS was an option earlier than this rough date due to movie/comix readers/watchers (not to mention creative staff's) perception of the whole computer science; we got mainly blinkenlichten in movies from pre-1980 era due to little recognition of actual computer operating systems' looks.
To sum up:
a) Since we can assume Batcomputer was a mainframe during 1980-1990 era, it's highly probable it was shipped with some custom UNIX clone, however it is not unheard of entirely machine-specific systems, especially with high-end machines. He certainly hasn't used Linux during that time, because Linux hasn't been created by Torvalds yet.
b) Beginning with ca. 1995, Batman used T932, a most powerful variant of T90 supercomputer, running UNICOS, which is in turn based on UNIX ("CRAY T90 systems run Cray Research's industry-leading UNICOS operating system based on UNIX system V"); we can safely consider he ended doing so somewhere about 2005, when it was obsoleted by Cray X1; thus he most probably wasn't using Linux for this time (even though Linux already existed).
c) Batman's Wayne Enterprise Mainframe (which is, most probably, used as the Batcomputer, since most of Batstuff is actually disguised as actual corporate property one or another) uses *n*x OS currently; see
Wayne Enterprise Mainframe:~ en$ nmap -v 192.168.23.10
with
username:path$
being the common command prompt of e.g. bash shell.
Since custom *n*x OSes are ATM the usual choice for supercomputers nowadays, mainly due to maintainability and security provided, it's quite obvious Batman would choose one for his Batcomputer. Hard to say if it's Linux or Unix/BSD clone due to lack of data - but saying it's a Unix-like OS is quite a good guess IMO.
(as as side note, I'd also assume it's a custom-tailored, highly personalized distribution - mostly because that's the way a power admin would go with his personal mainframe)
BTW:
The batman-adv kernel module has been part of the official Linux kernel since 2.6.38.
("B.A.T.M.A.N.", Wikipedia) chuckles
However, Batman does use nmap (bottom of the page).
(click to zoom).
Therefore, it is entirely likely and possible that he uses a Linux distro of some sort.
