Scuttling starships in a method similar to ships at sea is impossible because there's no guarantee of a nearby ocean to take advantage of. Systematically destroying sensitive material is also rather slow. A lot of the methods the questioner suggested involves the ship having full engine power - in which case, why scuttle at all? Why not just attempt to escape?
The best comparison is not actually ships at all, but instead, tanks.
WWI tank example https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/E04927/
Or this Panther https://i.sstatic.net/G7ARb.jpg
For tanks, the traditional way to destroy them is by internal explosion, using the tank's own remaining ammunition reserves, or a dedicated scuttling charge.