We see Artificial Gravity all the time. In fact, it's so common in Sci-Fi world that I don't think I need to give examples.
Here, Artificial Gravity means a force similar to gravity, but without enough mass behind the scene. It is either produced by centrifugal force/ acceleration (based on Einstein's Principle of Equivalence) or some magical device without scientific explanation (Here, you can take magical word literally or figuratively; yes, fantasy works are allowed).
Which Sci-Fi work introduced the concept of Artificial Gravity?
Here, I am looking for two things:
Gravity word is actually used. e.g. Artificial Gravity, Simulated Gravity (possibly in post-Newton era works).
Gravity word isn't used, but it is shown. e.g. He dropped the hammer to the floor of spaceship (possibly in pre-Newton era works when the gravity word wasn't that famous, but the concept existed: Aristotle, Galileo, Kepler)