My first post, love the site, and check it out all the time.

Being that I am Jewish, a levite, speak hebrew, went to Rabbinical seminary for two years in Jerusalem, and have seen every episode of Star Trek TOS, TNG, Voyager, and most of deep space nine, I may be uniquely qualified amongst members of the site to answer the question.

First of all the wikipedia article is incorrect. The Vulcan sign is not the full priestly sign and more importantly is not the hebrew letter shin. It is half the sign and half the letter shin. I will not tell you how to make the sign correctly, as it's sacrilege (but there's plenty of places to look it up). So what Nimoy was doing was half the sign and half of the hebrew letter shin.

Shalom Aleychem in hebrew means peace be with you. There is a three line benediction that goes with the above symbol during the priestly benediction during services. The third line ends in "...and give you peace." The response to the vulcan saying "live long and prosper" is "peace and long life." Nimoy doesn't state exactly where the saying comes from but I'm sure it comes from the third line of the priestly benediction not from Shalom Aleychem as many point out since it goes with the hand symbol.(citation link removed)

From Nimoys own mouth, "As a Jew from Catholic Boston, I understood what it was like to feel alienated, apart from the mainstream" So the isolation that he felt as Jew in a gentile world in which Jews have values and a culture alien to the rest of society, aided him in the same isolation a loan Vulcan would have among humans. He also said, "There were a number of values in 'Star Trek' that I felt very comfortable with as a Jew," he added. "The futuristic society is a meritocracy that values education, social justice and tikkun olam, repairing the world. That's exactly what we were out there doing on the Starship Enterprise: trying to heal the universe." Tikun Olam which is essentially doing things to help society in general which was a uniquely Jewish concept he learned growing up as a Jew. http://www.jewishjournal.com/arts/article/bimah_me_up_scotty_20031205/

As for the comments about whether Shatner is really a Jew?!? That's kind of insulting. He is 100% Jewish. He even states it clearly in 2014, “Being Jewish is a part of what I am. What I am is what I bring to the world as an artist." So Shatner plainly states that his Judaism influences his characters including Kirk. http://www.jns.org/latest-articles/2014/4/23/from-star-trek-to-one-man-show-william-shatner-stays-in-the-limelight#.VLd14ivF9qU=

"Mankind has no need for gods. We find the one quite adequate." – James T. Kirk, 2267 ("Who Mourns for Adonais?") The idea of one god is inherently Jewish and was introduced to the world by Jews. See book of Genesis Abraham, Deuteronomy 6:4 "Hear o Israel the lord our god the lord is one.", first of ten commandments Exodus 20:2 "I am the lord your god." All singular. There are many more references in the Torah, I just named a few.

There are so many Jewish themes such as the holocaust less than twenty five years after it ended, being the children of Jewish immigrants from those countries, and having to dress up in nazi garb. In terms of social action episodes and a Jewish perspective on how to handle things clearly Kirk and Spocks characters ellucidate this as I referenced above in their own words.

Also I forgot to add that the Vulcan high priestess's garb was similar to the Jewish High priest's garb. And Spocks white gown after he was reintegrated in the third movie was similar to a "kitel" which is a white gown Jewish men wear on the high holidays. Again I'd put citations to show photos but I can only put two links as my rating is too low as a first time poster.

Below not exactly answering the question but additional tidbits:

As for other references to Judaism there are many. Clearly the episode "journey to babel" is a reference to the tower of babel which is straight out of the Torah in Genesis.

The actors who play Worfs parents are very famous Jewish/Yiddush theatre actors "Theodore Bikel and Georgia Brown" Bikel played in "Fiddler on the roof" the main character Teveyah (had to remove citation link). With a last name of Rozhenko, the yiddush accents, choice of actors, Rozchenko is from Belarus a Jewish area, Mr. Rozchenko is a doctor, and the manner of their characters in the episode, clearly Worf was raised by Jews.

In addition to Nimoy and Shatner being Jewish, Walter Koenig(Chekov) is Jewish as well as Mark Lenard(Sarek Spocks father). (had to remove citation link)

In Judaism you are Jewish if your mother is Jewish, plain and simple. You cannot convert away from Judaism. The reference above to charem has nothing to do with being Jewish it only has to do with your status in the Jewish community. It's the same as being cutoff, censured, or shunned(much like excommunicated in catholicism). You're still a full Jew with all of the obligations of a Jew. (had to remove citation link)

There's way more mentions of Jews and Jewish influence then mentioned in this article but it's an interesting read. (had to remove citation link)

End of my first post. I had citations for everything but as a first post it only allowed me two links.