I would argue that although larger forces in the Delta quadrant can’t really be compared to the Federation due to how ideologically different they are, alliances and systems similar to how the Federation operates do exist. For example, the Kyrians and Vaskans. It could easily be argued that they had a similar ideology and philosophy to the Federation, perhaps even trying to copy its system (due to Voyager’s doctor telling them about it?), and just operated on a smaller scale than the Federation itself.