I recall reading the story in a book that was part of a larger award anthology. The plot revolved around a small team of scientists (3-5) exploring planets searching for those potentially suitable for human life. I don't recall any details of the scientists themselves except that one is a vegan.
They discover a small planet that's well suited for human life and remarkably already has life in the form of 3 species. Some moss/grass-like plant, a bee-like pollinator, and a grazing herd animal. This surprises the team because they expected more diversity like a predator to hunt the defenseless herd organism. They also conclude that the animals are edible but the team avoids eating them out of an abundance of caution opting instead to feed the meat to their lab animals.
The team settles onto the planet and things are going well until the herd species starts a stampede trampling all of their equipment and supplies. This again unnerves the team because without natural predators it's unclear what provoked the stampede. Without food, the team decides to start consuming the animals except for the vegan character who still has a small amount of vegan food left.
Spoilers for the end:
It's ultimately revealed that the entire biome is comprised of a single-celled hive-like organism mimicking multicellular plant and animal life. The lab animals fed this life are already transforming into the aforementioned herd organism. The novel ends with the vegan scientist escaping to warn future explorers and the remaining team presumably succumbing and transforming into the hive.