You may be thinking of Larry Niven's A World Out of Time, previously discussed here
I remember reading a book about a booth that people could step in and activate and the top dome would swirl dust around, but the booth wouldn't transport you anywhere. After a time, the people would notice that they were growing younger.
In the Niven book, there are teleportation booths, but some of them don't take you anywhere distant; instead they transport away the accumulated toxins in a person's body, which look like dust left behind. It's only after several days that Niven's hero realizes that he's become younger physically.
Here's the scene when the hero uses the booth (to try to escape, thinking it is a conventional teleport booth):
The lights were still on in the vault. Indicator lights glowed on the
console. With luck the booths would work too. He stepped into one and
looked for the dial.
No dial, just a button set in a slender post. No choice about where he
was going. Corbell wondered if the Norn would be waiting at the other
end. He made himself push the button anyway.
Nothing happened.
He cursed luridly, pushed out of the booth and tried the other. The
second booth didn’t even have a door, and there was fine dust floating
in it. What the hell?