It seems unlikely that the Nova Corps would be unaware of what Thanos was doing across the galaxy seeing as they appear to have been keeping tabs on him somewhat.
Corpsman Dey: Gamora. Surgically modified and trained as a living weapon. The adopted daughter of the Mad Titan, Thanos. Recently, Thanos lent her and her sister Nebula out to Ronan, which leads us to believe that Thanos and Ronan are working together.
Guardians of the Galaxy
This makes sense as well considering in the image you show the hologram also shows Thanos' face so they know what he looks like.
On top of that Rocket knows who Gamora is and what she does, it seems likely a lot of others do, even if Quill is somewhat ignorant to it.
Peter Quill: So what? What's the Orb?
Gamora: I have no words for an honorless thief.
Rocket: Pretty high and mighty coming from the lackey of a genocidal maniac. Yeah, I know who you are. Anyone who's anyone knows who you are.
Guardians of the Galaxy
And of course the survivors of the planets that Thanos had wiped out would have most certainly spread the word of who was responsible, such as Drax.
Gamora: Your wife and child shall rest well knowing that you have avenged them.
Drax: Yes. Of course, Ronan was only a puppet. It's really Thanos I need to kill.
Guardians of the Galaxy
Gamora herself even tells Peter what Thanos did as further evidence of this. It is possible she has also told others.
Gamora: My father didn't stress diplomacy.
Peter Quill: Thanos?
Gamora: He's not my father. When Thanos took my home world, he killed my parents in front of me. He tortured me, turned me into a weapon. When he said he was going to destroy an entire planet for Ronan, I... I couldn't stand by and...
Guardians of the Galaxy
On top of that we know that the Ravagers, such as Taserface, know who Nebula is.
Nebula: That’s enough killing for today.
Ravager: She's the daughter of Thanos.
Taserface: I thought you were the biggest sadist in the galaxy.
Nebula: That was when Daddy was paying my bills.
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
With all this together it seems highly unlikely that the Nova Corps and a lot of the intergalactic worlds did not know who Thanos was and what he was responsible for.