It is clear that Craft is on Discovery after rescued from his pod. He wears the sand t-shirt Michael and Sylvia wear while running laps on board with the label “DISCO” (likely short for the ship’s name); the few pictures we see of its body and interior also affirms this.
The ship’s computer system appears self-conscious, and exhausting the definition of general artificial intelligence. The acts we have been seeing of Discovery throughout the episodes since it obtained the data of the 100,000-years-old organic celestial body also indicate that the data itself has already gained such level of intelligence (think actions made to prevent its deletion).
Discovery was not present for a rough 7 or 8 centuries of the 3rd millennium, and the first about 150 years of the 4th. Yet, Zorah still tells Craft the it has been abandoned for a thousand years. Considering the build year and its disappearing in the future, it is clear that it this episode does not take place in the 3rd millennium. The fact that Craft used a pejorative pidgin slang for the federation also corroborates that it is the same universe where the Federation 1) exists or existed and not the mirror universe of the Empire 2) that the Burn occurred and caused the collapse of it at one point.
It is questionable that the Burnham crew knowing what data it stores would abandon that ship on their own cognizance in fear of any malicious AI obtaining the data. If I’m not mistaken the 32nd century federation admiral was also briefed of the reasons why they needed to time travel the ship so the federation should have had the information about the importance of the data on Discovery and could reasonably assumed to protect it if it is within its power.
Considering all, one theory I would have is that they somehow made it back in the 23rd century, something happened there, and the ship was left adrift for a thousand years so we are back in 3255 or later.
If Discovery never makes it back into the 3rd millenium, and was abandoned then, that must mean that this Short Trek is sometime no earlier than the mid-43rd century.
Is there any direct evidence to this or the contrary?