The film's official novelisation (considered a canon source of information about the movie) indicates that yes, Poe's mind was indeed violated by Ren using the dark side of the Force to read his innermost thoughts and discover his secrets.
Slumped and shackled in the seat, Poe was still breathing. Beyond
that, he no longer cared much what happened to him. It wasn’t his
fault, he kept telling himself. For an ordinary person, no matter how
strong they thought themselves, resisting the probing of a creature
like Kylo Ren was simply not possible. He had tried. There was no
shame in the failure.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens - Official Novelisation
The junior novelisation also gives a pretty solid account of what transpired
He reached toward the prisoner with gloved fingers. Through them Ren
channeled currents of pain from his own bottomless well—and tendrils
that would probe the depths of Dameron’s weak mind.
“Tell me. Tell me.”
Star Wars: The Force Awakens: A Junior Novel